Ndibuka nkiri umwana, nimugoroba wimpeshyi mucyaro, cicadas yatontomye kandi ibikeri byumvikana.Igihe nazamuye umutwe, naguye mu nyenyeri zaka.Inyenyeri yose irasa urumuri, umwijima cyangwa urumuri, buriwese ufite igikundiro.Inzira y'Amata ifite amabara meza ni meza kandi ikangura ibitekerezo.

Nkuze, ndeba mu kirere mu mujyi, nahoraga ntwikiriwe n'umwotsi nsanga ntashobora kubona inyenyeri nke.Inyenyeri zose zarazimiye?

Inyenyeri zimaze imyaka miriyoni amagana, kandi urumuri rwazo rwapfukiranwe no kwiyongera kwimijyi kubera umwanda.

Ikibazo cyo kutabona inyenyeri

Nko mu myaka 4.300 ishize, abashinwa ba kera bari bashoboye kureba amashusho nigihe.Bashoboraga kwitegereza ikirere cyuzuye inyenyeri n'amaso, bityo bakagena imirasire y'izuba 24.

Ariko uko imijyi ikomeje kwihuta, abantu benshi kandi batuye mumijyi basanga inyenyeri zisa nk "zaguye" kandi umucyo wijoro urazimira.

Ikibazo cy’umwanda w’umucyo cyashyizwe ahagaragara n’umuryango mpuzamahanga w’ubumenyi bw’ikirere mu 1930, kubera ko amatara yo mu mijyi yo hanze atuma ikirere kimurika, kikaba gifite ingaruka mbi cyane ku kwitegereza inyenyeri, kizwi kandi ku izina rya “urusaku n’umwanda”, “kwangiza urumuri” na “Kwivanga mu mucyo”, n'ibindi, ni bumwe mu buryo bwanduye cyane ku isi, byoroshye kwirengagizwa.

Muri 2013, kwiyongera k'urumuri rw'amatara yo mu mujyi w'Ubushinwa byabaye ikibazo gikomeye cyo kurengera ibidukikije.

Abashakashatsi baturutse mu Butaliyani, Ubudage, Amerika na Isiraheli ubu bakoze atlas nyayo kugeza ubu ingaruka z’umwanda uhumanya ku isi aho abaturage barenga 80 ku ijana bahura n’umucyo w’ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose, kandi aho hafi 80 ijanisha ryabantu muburayi no muri Amerika ntibashobora kubona Inzira y'Amata.

Kimwe cya gatatu cyabatuye isi ntibagishoboye kubona inyenyeri zimurika mu kirere nijoro kubera umwanda w’urumuri, nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwasohotse muri Science Advances bubitangaza.

Raporo y’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe muri Amerika yerekana ko hafi 2/3 byabatuye isi babana n’umwanda.Byongeye kandi, umwanda uterwa n’umucyo w’ubukorikori uragenda wiyongera uko umwaka utashye, aho buri mwaka hiyongeraho 6% mu Budage, 10% mu Butaliyani na 12% mu Buyapani.

Ibyiciro byumwanda

Amabara meza ya nijoro agaragaza ubwiza bwiterambere ryimijyi, kandi yihishe muri iyi si yaka ni umwanda utagaragara.

Guhumanya umucyo ni igitekerezo gifitanye isano.Ntabwo bivuze ko kugera ku giciro cyuzuye ari umwanda.Mubikorwa bya buri munsi nubuzima, urumuri runaka rusabwa kugirango rwinjire mumaso, ariko kurenza urugero runaka, urumuri rwinshi rutuma twumva tutamerewe neza, ndetse bikanatera ingaruka mbi kumubiri, aribyo bita "umwanda uhumanya".

Kugaragara kwanduye ryumucyo biratandukanye mubihe bitandukanye, aribyo kurabagirana, urumuri rutambamiye hamwe nurumuri rwo guhunga ikirere.

Imirasire iterwa ahanini nizuba ryizuba ryerekanwa kumirahuri kumanywa kumanywa, nijoro, no kumurika ibintu bibangamira imirimo yo kureba.Itara ryumucyo ni urumuri ruva mu kirere rugera ku idirishya hejuru yicyumba.Kandi urumuri ruva mubukorikori, niba rujya mwijuru, twita ikirere astigmatism.

Ku rwego mpuzamahanga, umwanda w’umucyo ugabanijwemo ibyiciro bitatu, aribyo, umwanda wera, umunsi w’ibihimbano, umwanda w’ibara.

Umwanda wera werekana cyane cyane ko iyo izuba rirashe cyane, urukuta rw'umwenda w'ikirahure, urukuta rw'amatafari asize amatafari, marble isize hamwe n'imyenda itandukanye hamwe n'indi mitako y’inyubako zo mu mujyi zigaragaza urumuri, bigatuma inyubako zera kandi zijimye.

Umunsi wubukorikori, bivuga ahacururizwa, amahoteri nyuma yo kugwa kwamatara yamamaza nijoro, amatara ya neon atangaje, ateye ubwoba, urumuri rukomeye rukomeye ndetse rugana mwijuru, bigatuma ijoro ari umunsi, aribyo bita umunsi wubukorikori.

Guhumanya urumuri rwamabara ahanini bivuga urumuri rwirabura, urumuri ruzunguruka, urumuri rwa fluorescent hamwe nurumuri rwamabara rwamabara rwashyizwe ahantu ho kwidagadura bigize umwanda wamabara.

*Guhumanya urumuri bivuga ubuzima bwabantu?

Umwanda uhumanya cyane cyane werekana ko imirasire ikabije ya optique itera ingaruka mbi kubuzima bwabantu no kubidukikije, ibyo bikaba byanduye.Umwanda uhumanya ni rusange.Ibaho mubice byose byubuzima bwabantu kandi igira ingaruka mubuzima bwabantu.Nubwo umwanda w’umucyo uri hafi y’abantu, abantu benshi ntibaramenya ubukana bw’umwanda n’ingaruka ziterwa n’umwanda ku buzima bw’umubiri n’ubwenge.

* Kwangiza amaso

Hamwe niterambere ryubwubatsi bwimijyi niterambere ryubumenyi nikoranabuhanga, abantu hafi ya bose bishyize "mumucyo ukomeye kandi ufite ibara ridakomeye" "ibidukikije biboneka".

Ugereranije n’umucyo ugaragara, umwanda wa infragre ntushobora kubonwa nijisho ryonyine, bigaragara muburyo bwimirasire yumuriro, byoroshye gutera impanuka nyinshi.Imirasire yimirasire ifite uburebure bwa 7500-13000 angstroms ifite kwanduza cyane cornea, ishobora gutwika retina kandi igatera cataracte.Nubwoko bwumuriro wa electromagnetic, imirasire ya ultraviolet ahanini ituruka ku zuba.Kumara igihe kinini imirasire ya ultraviolet bizatera byoroshye iminkanyari, gutwika izuba, cataracte, kanseri yuruhu, kwangirika kwamaso no kugabanya ubudahangarwa.

*Kubangamira ibitotsi

Nubwo abantu baryama bafunze amaso, urumuri rurashobora kunyura mumaso yabo kandi bikabangamira ibitotsi.Nk’uko imibare ye y’ubuvuzi ibivuga, hafi 5% -6% yo kudasinzira biterwa n’urusaku, urumuri n’ibindi bidukikije, aho urumuri rugera kuri 10%.“Iyo kudasinzira bibaye, umubiri ntushobora kuruhuka bihagije, ibyo bikaba byaviramo ibibazo bikomeye by'ubuzima.”

* Kanseri

Ubushakashatsi bwahujije akazi ko guhinduranya nijoro no kwiyongera kwa kanseri y'ibere na prostate.

Raporo yo mu 2008 mu kinyamakuru International Chronobiology irabyemeza.Abahanga bakoze ubushakashatsi ku baturage 147 bo muri Isiraheli basanga abagore bafite umwanda mwinshi w’umucyo bakunze kwibasirwa na kanseri y'ibere.Impamvu irashobora kuba nuko urumuri rudasanzwe rubuza sisitemu yumubiri yumubiri wumuntu, bigira ingaruka kumusemburo wa hormone, uburinganire bwa endocrine burangirika kandi bigatera kanseri.

* Tanga amarangamutima mabi

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mubyitegererezo by'inyamaswa bwerekanye ko iyo urumuri rudakwirindwa, rushobora kugira ingaruka mbi kumutima no guhangayika.Niba abantu igihe kinini munsi yumucyo wamatara yamabara, ingaruka zo kwirundanya mumitekerereze, nabyo bizatera umunaniro nintege nke, umutwe, neurasthenia nizindi ndwara zumubiri nubwenge kuburyo butandukanye.

* Nigute twakwirinda umwanda?

Kwirinda no kurwanya umwanda w’umucyo ni umushinga wa gahunda y’imibereho, isaba uruhare n’imbaraga za guverinoma, abayikora n’abantu ku giti cyabo.

Urebye igishushanyo mbonera cy'umujyi, amabwiriza yo kumurika nigikoresho cyingenzi cyo gushyiraho imipaka ikwiye ku ihumana ry’umucyo.Kubera ko ingaruka zumucyo wibinyabuzima ziterwa nuburemere bwurumuri, urumuri, icyerekezo cyumucyo (nko kurasa biturutse kumatara yumucyo no gukwirakwiza urumuri rwo mwijuru), ibintu bitandukanye byumucyo bigomba kugenzurwa mugutegura igenamigambi ryamatara , harimo guhitamo isoko yumucyo, amatara nuburyo bwo gucana.

Abantu bake mu gihugu cyacu ni bo bamenya ingaruka z’umwanda uhumanya, bityo rero nta rwego ruhuriweho muri urwo rwego.Birakenewe gushyiraho ibipimo bya tekiniki byo kumurika ibibanza byihuse.

Kugirango duhuze abantu bigezweho bakurikirana amatara yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, dushyigikiye "urumuri rwiza & urumuri rwubwenge", kuzamura byimazeyo urumuri, kandi tunatanga uburambe bwa serivisi yo kumurika ubumuntu.

“Umucyo muzima” ni iki?Nukuvuga, isoko yumucyo hafi yumucyo usanzwe.Umucyo ni mwiza kandi karemano, kandi utekereze neza ubushyuhe bwamabara, umucyo, ubwumvikane hagati yumucyo nigicucu, wirinde kwangirika kwurumuri rwubururu (R12), kongera ingufu ugereranije numucyo utukura (R9), kurema ubuzima bwiza, umutekano kandi bwiza kumurika ibidukikije, guhura namarangamutima yabantu, guteza imbere ubuzima bwumubiri nubwenge.

Iyo abantu bishimiye iterambere ryumujyi, biragoye guhunga umwanda ukabije.Abantu bagomba kumva neza ingaruka ziterwa numucyo.Ntibagomba kwita gusa kubuzima bwabo, ahubwo banirinde guhura nigihe kirekire n’ibidukikije byangiza.Kwirinda no kurwanya umwanda w’umucyo nabyo bikenera imbaraga za buri wese, mubyukuri biva aho bikomoka kugirango hirindwe umwanda.